ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on how the executives have adapted to the pandemic challenge since March 2020. To do so, it develops a comparative analysis of the role of the executives in facing the COVID-19 pandemic in three selected European jurisdictions, namely, Belgium, Germany, and Italy. An underlying assumption in this chapter is that executives, more or less inevitably, are crucial actors in major crises;still, it remains to be seen how these very crises impact on their structure and functioning. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
ABSTRACT
An analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian constitutional order has to focus on the relations between the State and the Regions during the crisis. The pandemic crisis was a national one, although it affected Italian Regions unequally. Furthermore, healthcare represents the core of regional policies: For this reason, Regions almost inevitably came to the forefront during the crisis. This article looks into the regional response to the COVID-19 crisis against the background of the relations between the State and the Regions. The article is divided into three parts. First, it focuses on the most important legal tools during the crisis, the Prime Minister's decrees, and their impact on the Italian regional model. Second, it focuses on how, in legal terms, the state and regional acts dealing with COVID-19 can coexist. Third, it presents and discusses the measures adopted by the presidents of the Regions for this purpose. In doing so, the chapter focuses on three cases: Lombardy, Veneto, and Campania. © 2021 Societa Editrice il Mulino. All rights reserved.